How the CRA taxes MetaMask activity
The CRA treats cryptocurrency as a commodity, not currency. Every token swap in your MetaMask wallet - via Uniswap, 1inch, MetaMask Swaps, or any other DEX - is a disposition of the token you sent and an acquisition of the token you received. The gain or loss is the difference between the proceeds and the Adjusted Cost Base (ACB) of the units disposed of.
Whether gains are on capital account or income account depends on the facts, including trading frequency, holding period, and intent. The CRA generally accepts capital treatment for investors but may characterize frequent trading activity as business income, where the full gain (not 50%) is included in income.
ACB for wallet-held tokens
Under ACB, the cost per unit of each token is the running weighted average of all your acquisitions. Every time you acquire more of a token - whether through a purchase, a DeFi reward, a swap, or an airdrop - your ACB per unit is recalculated.
This is different from FIFO. With FIFO, the oldest units are sold first and your cost depends on when each specific lot was acquired. With ACB, there is one average cost per token across all lots. DYOR.tax applies ACB across your merged MetaMask and exchange history, so tokens bought on Coinbase and moved to MetaMask share the same ACB pool as tokens acquired directly on-chain.
The 50% capital gains inclusion rate means only half your net capital gains are added to taxable income. The inclusion rate is 50% under current law - the proposed 2/3 increase was cancelled.
Superficial losses and DeFi
The superficial loss rule in Section 54 of the Income Tax Act denies a capital loss if you or an affiliated person acquires the same or identical property within 30 days before or after the sale. The denied loss is added to the ACB of the repurchased units.
For MetaMask users, this commonly occurs when you swap out of a token to realize a loss, then swap back into the same token within the 30-day window. Buying the same token on a centralized exchange within 30 days of an on-chain disposal can also trigger the rule. DYOR.tax flags potential superficial loss situations in your report.
DeFi and staking income in Canada
DeFi rewards, staking income, and liquidity mining returns received into your MetaMask wallet are commonly reported as income depending on the facts and characterization of the activity. The income value is the fair market value in CAD on the date received. That value also becomes the ACB of the tokens received, affecting future capital gains calculations.
The CRA has noted that crypto received as payment for services or from activities that constitute a business are treated as business income. For passive DeFi staking, the treatment depends on the facts - consult a Canadian tax adviser for complex DeFi positions.
Related calculators and guides
All countries: MetaMask Tax Calculator
Canada country page: Canada Crypto Tax Calculator
Other MetaMask countries:
MetaMask USA ·
MetaMask UK ·
MetaMask Australia
DeFi guides: Uniswap Tax Calculator · Aave Tax Calculator · DeFi Lending Taxes · Airdrop Taxes