How HMRC treats Bitcoin
HMRC does not treat Bitcoin as money or currency. For UK individuals, BTC is a chargeable asset. Selling BTC for sterling, swapping BTC for another cryptoasset, or spending BTC on goods and services are all disposals for Capital Gains Tax purposes. The gain or loss on each disposal is the difference between the disposal proceeds in GBP and the allowable cost drawn from your Section 104 pool.
Chargeable disposals: selling BTC for sterling, swapping BTC for ETH or stablecoins, spending BTC on purchases, using BTC to pay for services, gifting BTC to a person who is not your spouse or civil partner.
Generally not a disposal: transferring BTC between wallets you own and control (no change of beneficial ownership), buying BTC with sterling, holding.
Section 104 pooling - how it works for Bitcoin
UK individual taxpayers apply Section 104 pooling to BTC. Every acquisition of Bitcoin - whether bought on Coinbase, transferred from another exchange, or received as a mining reward - goes into a single Section 104 pool. The pool keeps a running total of the number of coins held and the total pooled allowable cost. Each new acquisition updates both figures.
When you dispose of BTC, the allowable cost for that disposal is calculated as:
(Coins disposed of / Total coins in pool) × Total pooled allowable cost
After the disposal, the pool is reduced by the number of coins disposed of and by the allowable cost used. Two rules take priority before the pool is consulted:
- Same-day rule: any Bitcoin acquired on the same day as a disposal is matched against that disposal first, at its own acquisition cost, before the pool is used.
- 30-day bed and breakfast rule: any Bitcoin acquired within 30 days after a disposal is matched against that disposal (in chronological order of reacquisition), again at the actual acquisition cost. This rule prevents artificial loss harvesting by selling and immediately rebuying.
Only after both matching rules have been exhausted does the disposal draw from the Section 104 pool.
Own-wallet transfers and self-transfers
Moving Bitcoin between your own wallets - hardware wallet to software wallet, one exchange to another, or between addresses you control - is generally not a disposal provided beneficial ownership remains with you throughout. The coins remain in your Section 104 pool at the same allowable cost. Transaction fees paid to move BTC may reduce your disposal proceeds or increase your allowable cost, depending on the nature of the transaction.
DYOR.tax detects self-transfers automatically when you add multiple wallet addresses to your scan. Transfers between those addresses are excluded from the disposal count.
Bitcoin mining rewards
The tax treatment of Bitcoin mining rewards depends on whether the activity amounts to a trade or business. For most individual miners who do not mine at commercial scale, HMRC's guidance indicates the rewards are likely to be miscellaneous income, taxed at their sterling value on the date received. That sterling value then becomes the allowable cost for Capital Gains Tax when you later dispose of the mined BTC.
Where mining is carried on as a trade, the BTC is treated as trading stock and taxed under Income Tax and National Insurance. In either case, speak with a UK tax adviser if you have significant mining income, as the boundary between trading and non-trading activity is fact-sensitive.
CGT rates and the Annual Exempt Amount
The CGT Annual Exempt Amount is £3,000 for both 2025-26 and 2026-27. Net capital gains from all cryptoasset disposals - including BTC - below this threshold owe no Capital Gains Tax. Gains above it are taxed at 18% for basic-rate taxpayers and 24% for higher and additional-rate taxpayers, following the October 2024 change.
Capital losses from Bitcoin disposals can be offset against gains from other assets in the same tax year. If your losses exceed your gains, the net loss can generally be carried forward and offset against future gains once the loss has been claimed with HMRC.
If you are already registered for Self Assessment, you will generally need to report disposals where total proceeds in a tax year exceed £50,000, even if the net gain falls below the Annual Exempt Amount.
For the 2025-26 tax year (6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026): notify HMRC of any unreported gains or income by 5 October 2026, and file your online Self Assessment return with payment by 31 January 2027.
Related calculators and guides
All countries: Bitcoin Tax Calculator
UK country page: UK Crypto Tax Calculator
UK wallet calculators:
MetaMask UK ·
Phantom UK
UK token calculators: Ethereum UK · Solana UK
Guides: Crypto Staking Taxes · Airdrop Taxes · DeFi Lending Taxes
Last reviewed: April 2026 · Sources: HMRC Cryptoassets Manual (CRYPTO22000 onwards), TCGA 1992 s.104 · For UK resident individual taxpayers. Not tax advice.